Sir Francis Bacon :: essays research papers fc

Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon was born January 22, 1561. He died April 9,1626. He was an English essayist, lawyer, statesman, and philosopher . He had amajor enamor on the philosophy of science. When he was 12 years old, hebegan studies at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1576 he entered Grays Inn topursue a career in law. He was first elected in 1584.Bacons opposition to olympian tax measures would probably have brought anend to his political advancement, but he had the support of the Earl of Essex,whose quest for treason he later managed. He was knighted in 1603 afterthe succession of James I. Bacon and he became solicitor-general in 1609,attorney-general in 1613, lord keeper of the great revenue stamp in 1617, and lordchancellor in 1618 he was also created Baron of Verulam I 1618, and Viscount St.Albans in 1621. Bacon retained Jamess favor by steadfast defense of royalprerogative, but in 1621 he was found guilty of accepting bribes and was removedfrom his office. Retiring to Gorhambury, he devoted himself to writing andscientific work.Philosophically, Bacon wrote marks such as the Instauratio Magna (GreatRestoration), setting forth his concepts for the restoration of humankind tomastery over nature. It was intended to contain six parts first aclassification of sciences second a new inductive logic third a gathering ofempirical and experimental facts fourth examples to show the effectiveness ofhis new approach fifth inductive reasoning derivable from natural history and a newphilosophy that would be a complete science of nature.Bacon completed only two parts, however, the Advancement of erudition in1605, later expanded as De Dignitate et Augmentis Scientiarum (On the Dignityand Growth of Sciences, 1620) and the Novum Organum (The New Organon, 1620),which was to replace Aristotles Organon. Sciences were under the generalheadings of history, poetry, and philosophy. Their culmination was an inductivephilosophy of nature, in which proposed to fall upon the natural laws, of bodilyaction. To this end, he devised so-called tables of induction designed todiscover such forms with the goal of mastery over nature.Although Bacon was not a great scientist, he gave impetus to thedevelopment of modern inductive science.

Federalist Party :: American America History

Federalist PartySeldom in the nations history has there been a period so terrific in accomplishment as the firstly decade under the Constitution....This paper is going to be a step by step evaluation of arguably the most important decade in American History. The time period covered in this paper is 1789-1801. These are the years in which the Federalists had the most govern in the new government. They accomplished an amaze amount in these 12 years. The Federalist Party was one of the first political organizations in the United States. The members of this party support a strong central government, a large peacetime army and navy, and a stable financial system.Although the first president, George Washington, was not a Federalist, his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was the developer and attracter of the Federalist party. Hamilton believed in a loose meter reading of the Constitution so that the central government could be accompany more powerful. Also Hamilton, alon g with the other party members, believed that work and manufacturing were more important than agriculture. Financial predicament During the first two years of the new federal government the biggest problem was that of raising money. At first the copulation adopted a small tariff on imports. This was a start but not nearly enough. The government needed this money to maintain its receive existence and to be able to comport of the debt. The existence of the government was a necessity, but there was a lot of discussion as to whether the debt should be payed dispatch. The maria magnitude of the debt seemed to compel some broadsheet of avoidance. In 1789, the national debt totaled more than $50 million, $11,700,000 of which was owed to France and Spain and the private bankers of Netherlands, while $40 million was in the work on of securities held by citizens of the United States. The interests owed to the bankers were being payed off by loans from the bankers themselves. The gove rnment didnt even have enough money to pay the Barbary corsairs for release of captive sailorsWhen Congress couldnt come up with a solution that was satisfactory, they sour to Alexander Hamilton with the dilemma. He soon proceeded to draw up a full report entitled Report on Public Credit. In this paper Hamilton proceeded to turn up that the only way for a new government to establish credit was to deal honestly with its creditors -for in some cases they would be the people to whom the government mustiness look to for future loans.Federalist Party American America HistoryFederalist PartySeldom in the nations history has there been a period so extraordinary in accomplishment as the first decade under the Constitution....This paper is going to be a step by step evaluation of arguably the most important decade in American History. The time period covered in this paper is 1789-1801. These are the years in which the Federalists had the most influence in the new government. They acco mplished an amazing amount in these 12 years. The Federalist Party was one of the first political organizations in the United States. The members of this party supported a strong central government, a large peacetime army and navy, and a stable financial system.Although the first president, George Washington, was not a Federalist, his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, was the developer and leader of the Federalist party. Hamilton believed in a loose interpretation of the Constitution so that the central government could become more powerful. Also Hamilton, along with the other party members, believed that commerce and manufacturing were more important than agriculture. Financial Dilemma During the first two years of the new federal government the biggest problem was that of raising money. At first the Congress adopted a small tariff on imports. This was a start but not nearly enough. The government needed this money to maintain its own existence and to be able to pay of the debt. The existence of the government was a necessity, but there was a lot of discussion as to whether the debt should be payed off. The mare magnitude of the debt seemed to compel some measure of avoidance. In 1789, the national debt totaled more than $50 million, $11,700,000 of which was owed to France and Spain and the private bankers of Netherlands, while $40 million was in the form of securities held by citizens of the United States. The interests owed to the bankers were being payed off by loans from the bankers themselves. The government didnt even have enough money to pay the Barbary corsairs for release of captive sailorsWhen Congress couldnt come up with a solution that was satisfactory, they turned to Alexander Hamilton with the dilemma. He soon proceeded to draw up a full report entitled Report on Public Credit. In this paper Hamilton proceeded to show that the only way for a new government to establish credit was to deal honestly with its creditors -for in many cas es they would be the people to whom the government must look to for future loans.

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of Behavior Essay

The Effects of Nature and Nurture on Shaping of deportment The nature/nurture investigation has been studied for many years by psychologists and it is a subject that is still in debate today. It brings up the question, how is our behaviour shaped, and the both posts of the answer are nature and nurture. Behaviour in the context of a human being can be described as the way gentleman act and think in situations. What is meant by nature and nurture? Nature is the phrase used to describe the biological aspects that shape behaviour, for example genes. Nurture is the word used to describe the social aspects that shape behaviour, for example interaction with parents. This essay will cover both sides of the argument referring to psychological theory. To start with the psychodynamic theory, this is defined, according to Dictionary.com as The interaction of various conscious and unconscious mental or emotional processes, especially as they influence pe rsonality, behaviour, and attitudes. This is a theory used on the side ...

To Autumn Essay -- Literary Analysis, John Keats

John Keats, an English Romantic poet, is considered one of the most beloved of all English poets. His work is known for sensuous descriptions of the violator of nature and deep philosophic questions that it often brought up. This can be observed in his six odes written in 1819. The complexity and profundity behind the poems ar the reason that they are considered to be among Keats greatest works, although the last ode composed in the sequence, To Autumn seems to stand out from the others. To Autumn is particularly significant because Keats is able to improve his perception of spectator from his previous perception that is explored throughout the other odes. Although, in both the form and descriptive surface, there is nothing that is overly confusing or complex, it is very simplistic, this is part of what makes the poem so special. Keats makes full use of literary elements by personifying autumn to achieve vivid imagery and by using the notion of death as an allegory to artistic c reation. To Autumn has the ability to suggest, explore and develop the overall theme of beauty through the use of these literary elements without acquiring in the way of its simplistic surface.While the structure of the poem is very simplistic, there are a few interesting features worth nothing. To Autumn is one-third stanzas of eleven songs each, which corresponds to the length of the season of autumn, which is three months long. In each stanza, the first four lines follow a rhyme scheme of ABAB, but then it switches from line five to eleven, to a rhyme scheme of CDEDCCE. This can signify how Keats conveys his theme, the first part of the stanza serves to introduce the subject of the stanza, while the second part gives room to cipher and develop the ... ...eated or old forms of beauty that will return. Also, even though the spectator of these beautiful art forms will eventually die, morality cannot stop mortal from spending their time on Earth admiring nature and beautiful art forms.To Autumn was the final work that was produced by John Keats and it marks the end of his poetic career. This is an appropriate poem for Keats to end on, as he is finally able to escape the fantasy world, that he often turned to in previous odes, in order to make a connection within the real world. While keeping the structure of the poem simple, Keats personifies the seasons, to further express the warm images of autumn and the beauty that can be found in nature. While also learning through the passing of time and allegories to art, that the acceptance of morality does not destruct the delay of beauty but rather furthers it.

Does Airport Security Make Us Safer? Essay -- airport security is utte

On the morning of 22 March 2016, three coordinated nail bombings occurred in Belgium two at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, and one at Maalbeek metro station in Brussels. In these attacks, 32 victims and three suicide bombers were killed, and over 300 quite a little were injured. Another bomb was found during a search of the airport. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks.11. Another bomb found in Brussels after(prenominal) attacks kill at least 34 Islamic State claims responsibility. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 March 2016. It has become a regular part of air travel, the coarse airline passenger expects to have to undergo certain screenings before they ever board an aircraft. The procedure of removing shoes, jackets, belts, laptops, etc. has become a regular occurrence and nigh people feel a feeling of security because these precautions are taken with every passenger. But are travelers as safe as they feel? Airports are broken into five areas of security, the Public area, Sterile, SIDA (Secure Identification Display Area), Air operations Area, and Secure. The common thoughts about security breaches at an airport are those of soul getting through the sterile area, this area is where individuals are screened prior to getting to the aircraft gates. The reason for this perception stems from the attacks on the morning of September 11th 2001, where nineteen hijackers make it through security screening and on to four aircraft leading into the worst loss of life due to terrorism in the history of the United States. However, this base will focus on the latter security areas through the security precautions taken to try and prevent unauthorized access as well as notable failur... ...13, from http//www.nec-nis.co.jp/en/product/videosecurity/hbacs/Oliver, B. (2013, February 20). Investigation Airport security - Dallas News myFOXdfw.com. Investigation Airport security - Dallas News myFOXdfw.com. Ret rieved November 18, 2013, from http//www.myfoxdfw.com/story/21290524/investigation-airport-securityPescador, K., Renga, A., & Gay, P. (2012). N/A. San Diego International Airport, Lindbergh theatre of operations (p. 110). s.l. Arcadia Publishing (SC).Stereovision. (n.d.). The ultimate in anti-piggybacking technology. Stereovision. Retrieved November 20, 2013, from http//www.boonedam.us/securityaccess/stereovision.aspStoller, G. (2011, July 12). Airport security breaches since 2001 raise alarms. USATODAY.COM. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http//travel.usatoday.com/flights/story/2011/07/Airport-security-breaches-since-2001-raise-alarms/49326312/1

Does Airport Security Make Us Safer? Essay -- airport security is utte

On the morning of 22 March 2016, three coordinated hear bombings occurred in Belgium two at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, and one at Maalbeek metro station in Brussels. In these attacks, 32 victims and three felo-de-se bombers were killed, and over 300 people were injured. Another bomb was demonstrate during a search of the airport. Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) claimed responsibility for the attacks.11. Another bomb found in Brussels after attacks kill at least 34 Islamic State claims responsibility. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 22 March 2016. It has become a standard part of air travel, the common airline passenger expects to have to undergo certain screenings before they ever board an aircraft. The procedure of removing shoes, jackets, belts, laptops, etc. has become a regular occurrence and most people feel a feeling of security because these precautions are taken with every passenger. But are travelers as safety as they feel? Airports are bro ken into five areas of security, the Public area, Sterile, SIDA (Secure Identification Display Area), Air operations Area, and Secure. The common thoughts about security breaches at an airport are those of someone getting through the sterile area, this area is where individuals are screened prior to getting to the aircraft gates. The reason for this perception stems from the attacks on the morning of folk 11th 2001, where nineteen hijackers made it through security screening and on to four aircraft leading into the worst loss of life due to terrorism in the hi storey of the United States. However, this paper will focus on the latter security areas through the security precautions taken to try and prevent unauthorized inlet as well as notable failur... ...13, from http//www.nec-nis.co.jp/en/product/videosecurity/hbacs/Oliver, B. (2013, February 20). Investigation Airport security - Dallas News myFOXdfw.com. Investigation Airport security - Dallas News myFOXdfw.com. Retrieved N ovember 18, 2013, from http//www.myfoxdfw.com/story/21290524/investigation-airport-securityPescador, K., Renga, A., & Gay, P. (2012). N/A. San Diego International Airport, Lindbergh Field (p. 110). s.l. Arcadia Publishing (SC).Stereovision. (n.d.). The ultimate in anti-piggybacking technology. Stereovision. Retrieved November 20, 2013, from http//www.boonedam.us/securityaccess/stereovision.aspStoller, G. (2011, July 12). Airport security breaches since 2001 raise alarms. USATODAY.COM. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http//travel.usatoday.com/flights/story/2011/07/Airport-security-breaches-since-2001-raise-alarms/49326312/1

Colonial Girls School

The poem opens with the phrase, Borrowed images/willed our skin pale, which is an allusiin to many teenaged school girls bleaching their skins with different creams and soaps to become a lighter complexion. The poem as a whole focuse on the rejection of ones color to a more favoured one, emphasised to them by the outer one. Borrowed images from the first world countries, where white is emphasised as break off or more beautiful. It also focused on the image of girls dekinked haircloth, til now another image of them rejecting their blackness for a more favourable image, that of white through with(predicate) chemicals to straighten their hair.The poem is one from a formerly colonized country which focuses on the fact that for years, their teachers have only taught them American, British and other aspects of European countries and cypher about us at all. They were taught Latin and SHakespeare, but nothing of their own language and were punished if they used it, but were to talk lik e little madrigals in a choir with the hills and valleys in their tonage, rejecting their baser language.They were taugh of the landscapes of other countries, of kings and queens of England, wheatfields of Canada and Steppes of Russia, but nothing of their own heritage or landscape. Mention of Marcus Garvey and 1838 and the fight for desegregation and the equal rights was mentioned as a beacon in black history, Little Rock, Congo, Lumumba, etc, all aspects of foreigh history, but nothing of their own fight for black empowerment. The writer alludes to a day macrocosm able to tell their own Anansi stories with pride, where northern eyes in the brighter world before us would seem pale. Muffled our laughter, willed our skins pale, lowered our voices, dekinked our hair, denied our sex in gym tunics, harnessed our voices to and yoked our minds are all negative images.* To show that Jamaicans continue to hold on to a system which deny their shade and race while elsewhere racial barrier s are being destroyed. Marcus Garvey, who was famous for his pride in his race, would have been shocked to learn that his country has not yet thrown off the colonial chain. kissed us awake tells us that someone has given them new information which so alerted them that they threw off the negative images. This was done calmly, quietly and lovingly. Examine the word kiss and you will see that whoever brought the change must have cared, must have confronted them after establishing a close relationship. * The last four lines put out that with their new found knowledge, the girls no longer find pale skins attractive, no longer yearn to be pale themselves.

Hnd Business Environment Essay

According to the my selected organization they used external recruitment in practice to attract candidates, They send out a contrast vacancies on weekend newspaper . What is advertisement? Advertising is a one-way communication whose purpose is to in soma potential customers about products and run and how to obtain them For enlisting To provide information that will attract a significant pool of qualified candidates and discourage unqualified ones from applying Use of Advertisements in Recruitment Process. Creating aw areness of Job Opportunities in the specified field of Interest. Finding Desirable Candidates Keeping an competitive edge over competitors as more advertisements attracts scoop up of the job seekers. Advertisement is the fastest way to spread recruitment hiring information . alternative Is the forge of discovering the qualifications & characteristics of the job applicant in order to establish their the likely suitableness for the job position. A good alternativ e requires a methodical approach to the problem of finding the best matched person for the job. Selection Process earlier Interview Selection Tests Employment Interview Reference and Background Analysis Physical Examination Job Offer Employment Contract. Use of mental test in selectionWhy choose testing Objectivity good psychological tests are standardised on a large ingest and provide normative data across a wide range of demographics and age cohorts. Well selected tests will allow you to demonstrate talents that whitethorn otherwise non be evident. Validity psychometric tests are a more valid method of assessment than interviews, academic achievement & reference checks, and when utilised in junto (for example in an assessment centre) are grittyly predictive of future job performance. Cost the cost of selection errors is large for both the employer and the employee. Psychometric tests do to minimise costs while maximizing potential fit between the candidate and the job.Ar my Alpha and Beta tests (WW1) developed out of an urgent want to select personnel with specific aptitudes for training in specialist and strategic roles. Today Psychological tests widely used in selection practices.USES OF examineS Evaluation of powerful candidate Proper selection of candidate Identifying the candidates personalityPlaces Where Psychological Testing Is Used Colleges or Educational Institutes Army,Navy etc. Bank Airlines Companies Schools So, now a years in most of the places candidates are evaluated on the basis of the psychological test.Advantages can result in lower turnover due if applicants are selected for traits that are highly correlated with employees who have high longevity within the organization can reveal more information about applicantsabilities and interests can get wind interpersonal traits that may be needed for certain jobsDisadvantages difficult to measure personality traits that may not be well defined applicants training and experience may have greater impact on job performance than applicants personality responses by applicant may may be altered by applicants desire to respond in a way they feel would result in their selection lack of diversity if all selected applicants have same personality traits cost may be prohibitive for both the test and interpretation of results lack of recite to support validity of use of personality testsTips Select traits carefully An employer that selects applicants with high degree of assertiveness, independence, and self-confidence may end up excluding females importantly more than males which would result in adverse impact. Select tests carefully Any tests should have been analyzed for (high) reliability and (low) adverse impact. Not used exclusively character tests should not be the sole instrument used for selecting applicants. Rather, they should be used in conjunction with other procedures as one element of the selection process. Applicants should not be selected on the basis of personality tests alone.. Stages In Selection ProcessStage 1 Screening Of Application Forms. Stage 2 TestsIntelligence, Aptitude, Technical, Psychometric, Ability, Interest.Stage 3 Selection Interview.Stage 4 Selection Decision. RECRUITMENT PROCESS PRACTICE. RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR FRESHER WRITTEN /APPTITUDE. GROUP DISCUSSION. PSYCHOMETRIC TEST(CONDITIONAL). skilful INTERVIEWS(CONDITIONAL). HR INTERVIEWS.RECRUITMENT PROCESS FOR HIGHER POST PSYCHOMETRIC TEST. BUSINESS GAME. HRINTERVIEWS.SELECTION PROCEDURE/STEPS PRELIMINARY SCREENING WRITTEN TEST PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST-INTERVIEW PHYSICAL TEST REFERENCE FINAL SELECTION.. Difficulties in Recruitment process Talent Acquistion. Expensive. Time Constraint. Retention of employees. Managing low contrition rate. Budget.Challenges in Recruitent & Selection Talent Shortage Attrition Rate Reservations and other Gov. Policies Remoteness of Job Scrutinity of employees credentials. Basic Different. Between Recruitment and Selection Recruitment sea rching for and attracting applicants qualified to fill vacant positions Selection- Analyzing the qualifications of applicants and deciding upon those who show the most potentialTake part in the selection process.. How do you come to know about no. of candidates to be recruited? First do check about current attainforce which is on bench and having the required learning then we decide about no. of candidate to be recruited. Whats the first process of recruitment? If the recruitment is on small level and the skillset is tardily available then we scan our database for candidates but if the recruitment is very large and skillset is presice (or scarcity of skillset ) then we give the advertise in news papers... What is the next footfall you follow ? We shortlisted the resume onthe basis of skill and experience and availability of skill set in market, then we invite them for further process like Aptitude Test ,Group Discussion, Interview.. What kind of professionals can find job opp ortunities with the company? We have a rigorous recruitment process to ensure that we hire the best talent in the industry. All our HR processes are competency based. Educational qualifications are function dependent. In addition to a good education, we look for candidates with high potential, integrity and the ability to lead the organisation in future. Our main focus is on internal growth and hence we look for candidates who are steady, interested in building a career with Wipro and who bring a new perspective to the organisation. What kind of retention policies do you implement to fight attrition? Our values and culture, immunity and autonomy, exciting challenges and opportunities for career advancement are our key retention tools. We work in a highly charged environment with talented and successful mountain that motivate one and all. We believe that apart from salaries, employees seek fast growth, exciting work environment and opportunity to make a difference through entrepr eneurial ventures, amongst other things. Each employee has a career growth plan in place. Based on the career plan we give each of them opportunity to work in various functions to get a wide and varied exposure. We also have a compensation design, which aggressively differentiates between performers and non-performers. We also purge morals OF RECRUITING AND SELECTIONExecutives are often surprised to discover how many ethical dimensions exist in recruiting, probably because selection is typically viewed as a practical, quite an than philosophical, decision-support system. Our experience has demonstrated that personal and corporate ethics influence not lonesome(prenominal) who is selected, but how jobs are defined and who becomes a candidate. In the pages that follow, we will search the implications of those (often subtle) ethical issues that impact every employment decision. We willhighlight our belief that there is a moral imperative attached to the recruitment and selection proc ess which can be stated as arriving at a decision which within the constraints of time, economics and the law places the future of the candidate and that of the employer in the least practical jeopardy.It is epitomized by choosing a candidate who will be challenged while succeeding and who contributes to the organizations goal attainment by adding uniquely to its fabric of talents. fashioning an ethical personnel selection involves gathering and carefully analyzing all relevant data so that the decision is wisely drawn, balancing the short and long-term benefits as well as the liabilities which could accrue to the organization and the individual. To achieve such an optimal result requires thoughtful vigilance throughout the planning, sourcing, interviewing and referencing process. www.integrepartners.com (o) 312-819-5900, (f) 312-819-5924 1The legislations of Recruitment and SelectionThe contents of this section includeData guard and freedom of information legislationEqualit y legislationTypes of discrimination direct and indirectLawful discriminationindebtednessWhat you can and cant ask candidatesEquality and Diversity policyIndividual merit principleGood practice guide for interviewing (personal questions)Data protection and freedom of information legislationData protection and freedom of information legislation are important considerations during the recruitment and selection process. Generally, personal data is only to be obtained for specified and lawful purposes (such as obtaining information for selection purposes) and relevant to employment.All information is to be confidentially maintained (e.g. Appointing Committee members must not discuss with anyone other than HR and other Committee members any candidate details).Appointing Committee members should be aware that all documentation (hard copies and electronic copies) about a candidate is potentially disclosable at their request (i.e. application to the Universitys Data Protection and Freedom of Information Office). This includesshortlisting notesinterview notesnotes on testsreferencesIt is, however, important that notes have ample detail so that decisions are fully transparent. This is both in the interests of candidates (who are increasingly seeking feedback on why they were rejected) and of the Appointment Committee members in the accompaniment there is a complaint. It is difficult, if not impossible, to recall specific details of a specific candidate months later in the event that accusations of unfair treatment are made.Equality legislationThere are a number of pieces of legislation impacting the recruitment and selection process. They includeEqual Pay Act 1970Sex diversity Act 1975Race Relations Act 1976 / Amendment Act 2000Parental Leave Regulations 1999The Disability Discrimination Act 1996, 2005, 2006EU Directive 1000/78/EC on Equal Treatment in Employment Equality Act 2006Work and Families Act 2006Collectively these Acts prohibit discrimination in employment (including the recruitment and selection process) on any of the following groundsgendermarital statusfamily statusdisabilitycolourracenationality, national or ethnic originreligion or beliefssexual orientationageTypes of discrimination direct and indirectDirect DiscriminationDirect discrimination is where an individual is do by less favourably than another because of sex, marital status, colour, nation origin, disability etc. An example would be rejecting all women candidates for positions traditionally held by men (e.g. security), or advertising for young researchers (rather than early career researchers).Indirect DiscriminationIndirect discrimination is where everyone is treated the same but there are requirements that disproportionately impact members of a group protected from discrimination (e.g. women, members of a particular religion or race). An example would be height or weight or strength requirements that sort against women but cannot be demonstrated to be related to the ability to competently perform the job in question.Indirect discrimination is the most common form of discrimination though often inadvertent and unintentional. However, the legality of the recruitment and selection process does not rest on good intentions and cannot be used as a defence to a complaint.

Giving Voice to Values

Ms. Foley does not agree with this course of action at law and is experiencing internal conflicts where her loyalties to the chief executive officer are at war with her assessment of the situation. Compounding the situation are her concerns ab pop the impact this course of action would have on the community and her family. 2. 0 Problem or Central Issue The central issue is Denies Foley disagreement with the Coos projected course of action regarding the future of the major regional hospital. 3. 0 Facts study Regional Hospital Weak financial future could lead to its sale to for-profit institution Denies FoleyPromoted to Senior UP by new CEO after 45 days Feels assessment of promise consultant is incorrect Disagrees with CEO about projected course of action, the sale of the hospital Fears adverse action to voicing her assertion (I. E. , loss of Job, colleague, etc. ) CEO Contracted consultant to provide future financial outlook of the hospital Lacked confidence in the hospital CE O, kept him out of the analysis Agreed with consultant advisement, best course of action is to sell the hospital to a for-profit institution 4. Opinions Impact of hospital sale to for-profit institution may lead to Hospital closure leaving immunity with one local provider/increased prices Reduced services, community (community service/charitable offerings) to counter hospital closure based upon the assessment of the local governments past performance CEO/Consultant Based upon a bleak financial future, the best course of action for the hospital is its sale to a for-profit institution. 5. 0 Legal Issues No legal issues noted 6. Discussion What are the main arguments Foley is trying to counter? That is, what are the reasons and rationalizations she unavoidably to address? Ms. Foley is trying to argue that the Coos session could be based upon faulty information and that selling the hospital to a for-profit institution is not the best solution. She ineluctably to address her rationali zation regarding the sale. Her fear of what she predicts the impact of the hospital sale appears to be the basis for her stance.What levers/arguments can Foley use to check her own reasoning and motivation, and to influence the CEO, and how expertness they be informed by an understanding of the biases to which Foley and her CEO are most vulnerable? Ms. Foley can research and obtain the financial records of both the COOP and the contracted consultant and ampere them. She can then take her information to the CEO. This would show who, if anyone, was manipulating numbers like she suspects, or rather Just poor financial focal point by the COOP. So what should Foley do and say? I believe Ms.Foley should attack this issue on three fronts. First she should look further into data that take to the consultants and subsequently the Coos recommendation. The next step would be to have a candid discussion with the CEO to inquire about any information she is not aware(p) of and also to address the concerns she has for the community and herself. Finally, she should research and evolve a contingency plan for her and her son. 7. 0 Alternative Solutions Ms. Foley withholds her opinion, supports the Coos decision and researches other employment opportunities as a contingency plan.Confer with COOP and conduct comparative analysis between his financial projections and the contracted consultants. She could then base her concurrence/non-concurrence with the Coos concerns The CEO could have kept Ms. Foley in the loop regarding his actions and projected plans for the future of the company. He also could have utilized the COOP of the company and compared the data with the outside consultant. His actions demonstrate a lack of trust in the COOP and in Ms. Foley for not including her in the process.If he were open from the start, perhaps she could have focused more on coming up with a solution, than wasting time worrying about what ifs. 8. 0 Recommendation I feel that since Ms. Foley wa s promoted to Senior Vice President and COO by the CEO himself, he respects her and her Judgment. He would be willing to hear what she has to say, especially if she has records to back up her suspicions. A meeting between Ms. Foley and the CEO would be beneficial in discussing problem areas and possible solutions.

Adults’ Effective Behavior Management among Children with Delays

Effective behavior counselling among churlren with commovemental delays is an all important(p) element of special education. This motivatings to be administered by adults in the early childhood to spirt a firm foundation of the acceptable conducts and desirable activities of special children. It is through a successful behavior management that the concerned children would be able to gestate appropriately in the future.In addition, a well-managed behavior of children with developmental delays allows for a smooth executing of adults roles, thereby providing help and the much requested care for these special children.It is therefrom necessary for parents, teachers, service providers, and related professionals to adhere to and uphold an efficient behavior management among children with developmental delays because this leads to the achievement of beneficial outcomes. This premise is what chapter 13 of the book An conception to Early Childhood Special Education Birth to Age Fi ve by Linda Dunlap (2009) particularly imparts to the readers.Chapter 13 of the book entitled demeanour Management emphasizes the need for behavior management in an effort to address and eventually resolve issues concerning how children with developmental delays behave toward other people and within a specific environment. In this chapter, Dunlap (2009) provides the public with vital pointers to consider which would be helpful in carrying out an effective behavior management of children with developmental delays and those with related developmental concerns. Key Points The thirteenth chapter of the book can be better understood in light of the fundamental components of behavior management.According to the designer, the key points of behavior management include an emphasis on the supportive rather than negative conducts of children with delays. That is, the effectiveness of behavior management lies on the ability of both adults and children with delays to bring out and remedy des irable and valuable behavior. In doing so, the effort leads to the elimination of undesirable conducts because it is those which are only appropriate that would remain and would be provided room for development (Dunlap, 2009).When the desirable behavior of children with delays is developed, the purpose of assisting them to create and improve techniques to deal with their personal behavior is eventually achieved. This condition leads to the next vital point which is the need for diversified and efficient behavior management strategies that would be decidedly helpful and valuable for children with delays (Dunlap, 2009). Dunlap (2009) as well as explores the establishment of logical expectations of adults surrounding children with delays, such(prenominal) as their parents, teachers, and professionals dealing with developmental concerns, as part of behavior management.These logical expectations impress taking into account the individual growth stage of each child. Most important amo ng these key points is the principle which must always be remembered by adults. That is, children with developmental delays use and react to behavior management strategies that are similarly suitable and beneficial for normal children (Dunlap, 2009). Desirable Behavior Dunlap (2009) begins her discussion of behavior management by emphasizing the value of desirable behavior among children with delays.She claims that regarding desirable behavior with an undeniable relevance is necessary to bring out and likewise develop or maximize whatever sought-after attitudes and activities that a child with delays shows. While it is apparently more complicated to manage the behavior of children with delays compared to the behavior management of normal children, the principle and physical exertion of developing their desired behavior would aid in the success of behavior management (Dunlap, 2009). In underlining her point, Dunlap (2009) explains that it is the desired behavior of children with d elays that must be improved.She believes that it is better to develop positive conducts and activities rather than to dwell on the negative or undesirable behavior of children with delays. As more emphasis is given to the development of desired behavior, this would be beneficial to both the adults and children. Simply put, an effective behavior management of children with developmental delays not only presents the harms of negative or unlike behavior, bur it also emphasizes the benefits of manifesting positive and desired behavior (Dunlap, 2009).In this chapter, Dunlap (2009) presents several situational examples which explore and stress the significance of encouraging and developing desired behavior among children with delays. Adults play an important role in such instances. Dunlap (2009) explains that adults need to provide instruction, coaching, and modeling with regard to appropriate ways to interact with others (p. 391). It is through these roles that adults are able to inform children with delays the need for them to show desired behavior.The author adds that when the importance of desirable behavior is realized, it becomes natural for children with delays to portray such. Dunlap (2009) concludes this topic by emphasizing the need to (1) consider more appropriate rather than inappropriate conducts (2) systematically respond to the challenging behaviors of children with delays and (3) ensure that adults expectations are developmentally appropriate with the things given to children . Behavior Management Principles and Practices This is the portion of Chapter 13 where the heart and soul of behavior management are discussed.Dunlap (2009) states that the general principles in handling the behavior of children with delays include several considerations (1) not controlling the conducts or attitudes of children but rather respecting their ability with regard to managing their respective behavior (2) positive or encouraging way of behavior management or (3) not subjecting or overloading children with negatives (4) reassuring children of their value (5) avoiding personal attacks on children (6) changing adults expectations as children behave differently and have their individual needs (7) taking responsibility of the special childrens management (8) imposing necessary rules and even penalty (9) modeling appropriate behavior for the benefit of the special children and lastly, (10) establishing a positive learning setting to encourage desirable conducts (Dunlap, 2009). Behavior that Needs to be Changed The relevance of the mentioned principles is reflected in the fact that through such efforts, the adults involved in behavior management will be able to identify which among the behaviors exemplified by children need modification. Dunlap (2009) explains that era it is uncalled for to go to war with children with delays (considering they already have developmental concerns), it is still necessary to change some of their behaviors (p. 397). T his especially holds true if the behavior is deemed as detrimental to the childs development and his or her manner of interaction with others.Hence, those which warrant change and intervention include the conducts that (1) require disproportional level of attention and time (2) interrupt others and forbid learning to happen (3) become more difficult to handle (4) are supposedly common to much younger children and not to school-age children (5) result in harmful personal image (6) are negatively viewed by other children and (6) threaten the problem child and his or her classmates (Dunlap, 2009). Behavior Management Strategies To strengthen the performance of behavior management, Dunlap (2009) presents several strategies. These techniques serve as specific factors that may help adults to succeed in handling the behavior of children with delays. One of these techniques is reinforcement. Its implementation is valuable in the development of appropriate conducts among children. Regardless of whether it is a primary or secondary kind of reinforcement, Dunlap (2009) reminds the adults that children vary in a number of aspects.Hence, this specific strategy must be flexible and depends on the character of a child (Dunlap, 2009). Another technique is redirection which orients children on the appropriate conducts instead of the inappropriate ones. Behavior management also entails subjecting children to what is called time out. While similar to redirection, making children experience a time out is like taking them to inappropriate scenarios where their behaviors are challenged and relocating them to a place or situation where they can calm down. The ultimate goal of this strategy is to prevent children from doing further violations while at the same time instill in them the need for them to be disciplined.Extinction pertains to simply ignoring the inappropriate behavior of children until they calm down and the situation is settled. Lastly, as mentioned earlier, punishmen t is essential and is an effective strategy as unfortunate situations resulting from the inappropriate behavior of children need to be dealt with even in a rough manner. In conclusion, the author presents the success behind Project SUCCEED or accompaniment and Understanding Challenging Childrens Educational and Emotional Development. Dunlap (2009) uses this project as an example to prove where effective behavior management existed because its principles are all aimed at instilling appropriate conduct among children (Dunlap, 2009). ConclusionAn effective behavior management, especially in the early childhood or early years of children with delays, is indeed an important function or obligation that adults must consider. As Kay (2006) states, the proper handling of childrens behavior in their early years is a relevant concern specifically to those right off involved in such endeavor. This realization is attributed to an increased number of children, including those with developmenta l delays, now engaged in pre-school environment. This condition results in more terrible and inexorable conduct-related problems thus, an effective behavior management of children with delays is highly important (Kay, 2006).The 13th chapter of Dunlaps book is a valuable text, for it provides relevant information and reasonable explanations that are essential in the successful performance of behavior management. Beyond the specifics however, it is the undeniable value of the material that makes it helpful for both adults and children with delays. Ultimately, behavior management is not only a text in a book but is a strategy that needs to be carried out so as to realize its beneficial impacts. References Dunlap, L. (2009). Behavior management. In L. Dunlap (Ed. ), Introduction to Early Childhood Special Education Birth to Age Five (pp. 389-405). MA Pearson Custom Publishing. Kay, J. (2006). Managing Behavior in the Early Years. natural York Continuum International Publishing Group.

Barclay Card

The use of Credit fluffs started during the first half of the 20th century. The cards were initially used to make the process of recognition less complex and for confirmation of costumers when authorization was required by tellers for account purchases in retail stores. The process developed, and in the 1940s, some banks in the united states allowed customers to purchase goods and services, and have these charged to against their monthly bank charge account, rather than to a store account Development of competition Early contenders to Barclaycard emerged from their closest competitors.In 1966, prompted by the triumph of the bank americard network, members of the competing franchises formed the interbank card association (ICA), which was later to become known as MasterCard international. The ICA differed from bank americard in being an organization controlled by member banks which took obligation for promoting the MasterCard brand and for setting standards for security, authoriza tion, clearing and settlement systems between members. ICA went international in 1968 with an association with banamex.Barclaycards strategy in the commercialize has been associated with three continuing elements. The fist was the keep growth of the assign card market shown in exhibit 4. over the period 1989-9 the volume of realization card transaction grew at 7. 5 per cent, maculation debit cards grew at 40 percent. The number of credit cards in use increased by 5 percent by annum and the revalue of a transaction by 5. 5 percent p. a. The second factor was the relative success of visa, whose UK franchise was exclusively, enjoyed Barclaycard in the early years.Over the years, visa secured a flummox as the worlds most wildly used card, by 1998 accounting for $ 1. 4 trillion dollars of purchase or 55 percent of the ball-shaped market. Although the competition between visa and MasterCard was less clear cut in the UK Barclaycards visa had international acceptability with 16milli on merchants worldwide. Exhibit 5 suggests that although Barclaycard lost market share somewhat faster than the other major banks, the strength of visas international position to some extent offset Barclays insurance premium pricing.Profitability of Barclaycard Even though Barclaycard was the first and for a considerable amount of time, the only issuer of credit cards in the UK, Barclaycard made some losses during the first decennium of its operations, as the company built up its card and merchant volumes. In 1995, Barclaycard acquired 90,000 gold customers, and that launch increased Barclaycards market share of newly issued credit cards to more than 30 percent. Processing of Barclaycard transactions Transaction from paper to electronics introduced large economies of scale in processing.This innovation however was characterized by relatively juicy level, one off investments. Alternative strategic directions open to Barclaycard in its future development Barclaycard should team up more with other companies. For example, the co-operation with Sainsbury, gasoline marketer BP, and segment store chain Debenhams in launching new loyalty programs. With every Barclaycard purchase, shoppers should be able to collect points that can be exchanged for gifts like eating house meals, consumer goods, grocery shopping, flights, and cinema tickets.Barclaycard should also capitalize on the companys strong customer base by relationship marketing alliances, with leading organizations in other service industries like celnet, BT and Marks and Spencer. Evaluation of alternatives Suitability On the basis of suitability, the best alternatives available to Barclaycard are to ensure the continued ATM use of Barclaycard, and to ensure automation through a fully computerized transaction system. This is because cash withdrawal through ATMs is a major customer use of credit cards.The company should also endeavor to eliminate most of the paper work in order speed up the authorization pr ocess, and provide narrative statements for card holders. acceptability Barclaycards ability to monitor and measure credit risk is very crucial to its acceptability. In 2000, the volume of Barclaycard transactions rose by 12 percent, darn charges for doubtful and bad debts increased by 34 percent. Financial performance thus suggested that the companys managers have the responsibility to find customers who were in pauperization of rollover credit, and who were less likely to default on payments.Feasibility Barclaycard once proposed to charge non-customers heavily for victimisation its machines, a proposal that had to be withdrawn at that time due(p) to heavy persecution from the press. This is not a very good strategy, and should be avoided. Recommended alternatives Barclaycard strategy in the credit card industry has been associated with the continuous growth of the credit card market, its ability to avoid price competition by branding, and also, the relative success of Visa.Barc laycard should strive to avoid price competition by branding and by using technological developments within the card networks. This is because the intensity of the competition in the credit card business tends to lead to the best credit worthy customers gaining access to credit far more cheaply. Thus it is quite difficult for credit card transaction volumes to increase quickly without inflicting bad and doubtful debts to credit card users.

Cause and Effect of Corruption

There is a growing worldwide concern over subversive activity at the present time. Several factors atomic number 18 responsible for this. A consensus has now been r all(prenominal)ed that corruption is universal. It exists in all countries, both developed and developing, in the commonplace and private domains, as well as in non-profit and charitable organizations. Allegations and charges of corruption now play a more central role in politics than at any other time. Governments have fallen, careers of world renowned public figures ruined, and reputations of well-respected organizations and business firms badly tarnished on account of it.The international mass media feeds on it and scandals and improper conduct, especially of those in high places. The rising trend in the role of corruption as a tool to discredit semipolitical opponents has brought scandalous and corrupt behavior to international attention. Corruption can be a major(ip) obstacle in the process of economic developm ent and in modernizing a verdant. Many now feel that it should receive priority attention in a regions development agenda. This greater recognition that corruption can have a serious adverse impact on development has been a cause for concern among developing countries.In a recent survey of 150 high level categoryaliseds from 60 third world countries, the respondents ranked public sector corruption as the most severe obstacle confronting their development process. Countries in the Asia and Pacific region are also very worried about this trouble and they are in substantial agreement that corruption is a major problem that is hindering their economic, political and social development, and hence view it as a problem requiring urgent attention at the highest level. Increasing public interest and concern over corruption have resulted in a large come in of scholarly research on the subject.Admittedly, there are still wide gaps in the current state of information and knowledge on the way out and untold more remains to be done. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted thus far has yielded fresh insights into the problem. We now have a clearer understanding of the underlying causes of corruption, its consequences, and ideas and approaches on possible measures to besiege it. At the same time, a better perspective has been obtained on the reasons why corruption persists in so many countries, and why it is baffling to deal with, although people throughout he world view it with disfavor. It is a common practice in many developing countries to institute price controls and to picture essential goods and services at subsidized prices to consumers. The decreed price for a key food item, such as rice, is fixed by paying a low administratively set price to farmers, while gasoline, electricity and charges for public transport and other essential items are pictured at low subsidized prices. These in the main benefit city dwellers as the y are the main consumers of these subsidized goods and services.The urban bias in the provision of subsidized food and other necessities stems from the political human race that city dwellers, especially the large masses at the lower end of the income scale, are more politically conscious, better organized and are easier to be instigated into elegant unrest than the rural poor. It is usually discontent in the cities that ignites social and political upheavals in a country. haunt prices at artificially low levels lead to have exceeding supply for the subsidized goods so that the all too familiar shortages, rationing, corruption and black markets result.Several undesirable consequences follow. There is a loss of potential government revenue. For example, when those that have access to subsidized gasoline, such as government officials and car owners, sell it on the black market at several times the official price, they make large profits. These profits could be taken as revenue by the government, if there is no subsidy, no price distortion, and gasoline is valued at its true opportunity cost, that is, charged by the government at its market clearing price.Setting low farm prices on rice and other agricultural products, to issue cheap food for city dwellers, means farmers are subsidizing the people in the cities. Likewise, low prices set on gasoline and energy contributes to deficits in the government budget. Fixing low prices on rice and agricultural products, in the wake of sharp increases in the prices of other domestically produced and imported goods, turns the terms of trade against farmers. This adversely affects their bonus to produce and hinders agricultural output. Low prices set on energy result in huge losses for the government enterprises engaged in this area.Consequently, they do not have the resources to invest in new facilities, to buy spare parts or to properly maintain existing machinery, and equipment that are falling into disrepair. The ou tcome is grass breakdowns, unreliable and poor service, and general inability to meet requirements in terms both of generating capacity and in the quality of energy produced. Under-pricing energy has other prejudicious effects. Cheap energy leads to its uneconomic and wasteful use. When energy prices are kept at a level much below cost for decades, there is undersize incentive for its users to adopt energy competent technologies and methods of production.So they are not sufficiently prepared for the large price adjustment that inevitably comes when low prices are no longer sustainable due to an internal or an external shock. The result is disruption in production, more corruption as bribery will be resorted to order to avoid payment of the higher charges, and increased inflationary pressures as higher energy costs will be passed on to consumers by nurture prices. Thus, price controls, subsidies and the corruption and black markets they generate, can lead to undesirable social a nd economic consequences.This also illustrates the point that dismantling controls, getting rid of subsidies and preventing price distortions form a key element in economic reforms and for the establishment of a properly functioning market economy. Unfortunately, corruption places severe constraints on a countrys capacity to undertake economic reforms. The rich and the powerful, the main gainers of a corrupt system, will therefore oppose reforms. The leadership in a country has a key role to play in combating corruption. It is an Asian tradition to hold leaders and those in authority in high regard and esteem.Hence the illuminate leadership must set a good example with respect to honesty, integrity and capacity for hard work. Since fighting corruption will involve victorious difficult decisions, the leadership must also display firmness, political will and commitment to carry out the required reforms. Honest and dedicated leaders are an essential, but not a sufficient, condition t o counter corruption. Several other conditions are needed as well. Credibility is one of them. For success, the offenders both on the take in and supply side of a corrupt deal must be convinced that the government is serious about fighting corruption.Publicly try and punish around well-known corrupt people in the country. Some highly publicized trials and convictions of principal(prenominal) officials and businessmen on charges of corruption have taken place in several countries. A publicity campaign to create greater awareness on the adverse effects of corruption and a clear and unmistakable official announcement on the desirability to bring it under control would be helpful. Ordinary citizens have a lot of firsthand experience with corruption, they are a good source of information and their help and cooperation should be solicited for the successful launch of an anti-corruption drive.Once people are convinced that a sincere and genuine effort to combat corruption is underway, t hey will respond and extend their full cooperation in resolving the problem. Just a little opening up and providing opportunities for them to express their views on the matter will bring forth an outpouring of information, ideas and suggestions. A responsible press to gather, analyze, organize, and present information is considered vital to create greater public awareness and to provide the momentum for undertaking reforms to overcome corruption.Secretiveness has been a key factor that has enabled public officials and politicians to get away with corruption. A responsible and an investigative press has played an important role in many countries, both developed and developing, in exposing misconduct as well as in serving as a guard dog to border corruption and preventing it from getting out of hand. The press has not always acted in a responsible manner, and like everything else in this world, it is not perfect. Nevertheless, its power to limit misconduct and improper behavior shoul d not be underestimated.Views on the effectiveness of anti-corruption oversight or watchdog bodies are mixed. There are instances where they have be useful. However, in surveys and interviews of public officials and members of civil society organizations, most respondents do not have a high opinion of them. Improving institutions involves such things as change the legal framework, promoting efficiency of the police force, strengthening the auditor generals office, and appointment of a responsible inspector general empowered to investigate and charter corruption.A useful conclusion that has emerged from the current discussion and ongoing debate on the corruption issue is that corruption is a symptom of economic, political, and institutional weaknesses in a country. To be effective, measures against corruption must therefore address these underlying causes and not the symptoms. Emphasis must be placed on preventing corruption by tackling the musical theme causes that give rise to it through undertaking economic, political and institutional reforms.Anti-corruption enforcement measures such as oversight bodies, a strengthened police force and more efficient law courts will not be effective in the absence of a serious effort to address the fundamental causes. Another observation that whitethorn be useful to bear in mind is that corruption is most prevalent where there are other forms of institutional weaknesses, such as political instability, bureaucratic red tape, and weak legislative and judicial systems. The important point is that corruption and such institutional weaknesses are linked together and that they feed upon each other.

Virgin Group – Richard Branson

RICHARD BRANSONS VIRGIN GROUP Problems Although certainly nonorious, Richard Bransons double-dyed(a) Group has feeld several problems. In the short-term, brand overextension has become a threat since the company has entered multiple merchandises. Brand overextension leads to damaging the comprehensive gross(a) brand. Since the Virgin brand itself is the companys grea examination asset, protecting the brand image is critical. The Virgin brand image has a connotation of value and lifestyle. Due to many an(prenominal) joint ventures, licenses, and alliances with other companies, the objective of the Virgin experience could be destroyed.Furthermore, as Virgin becomes more global and more adaptive to individual cultures, the customer experience will certainly vary, again leading to brand overextension. For example, although the United Kingdom may condone Virgins racy and edgy advertisements, other move of the world, as our group testifies, views much(prenominal) material quite exp licit and even shocking. Thus, while Virgin enters different markets, negative impacts can arise, hindering Virgins brand. A second short-term problem is Virgins financial information that is fragmented, hard to locate, and even interpret.With the companys different alliances and joint ventures, questions roughly the financial health of the Virgin group were being asked. Thus after examination, Virgin faced financial challenges that led to negative cash flow. This was mainly overdue to the Bransons approach of stand-alone basis where the most profitable companys revenues financed pertly market entrances. Despite some profitable beas of Virgin, many did not generate cash. Therefore, as Virgin grows, a more systematic approach must be implemented to create synergies between businesses. Long-term problems also hold up for Virgin.First is Bransons close affiliation to Virgin. What happens if the public tire of his exploits? What will happen to Virgin when Branson 1 leaves? An impli cation of these questions is that Virgin needs Branson. Virgins untouchable brand is fortified by Bransons own personal values. A second long-term problem for Virgin is the companys little statuesque structure and management system. Although this structure presently works for Virgin, allowing the company to be viewed as entrepreneurial and innovative, in the long-term creativity must be managed at Virgin. Company Analysis After analyzing Virgin through various analytical frameworks including internal/external analysis, SWOT analysis, and value chain analysis, we have discovered the sizeableness of Virgins strong brand and diversification system. In sum, Virgins strongest capability is the companys strong brand. The brands foundations of entrepreneurship and eccentricity resoluteness in Virgin being a strong customer-oriented company. Since the Virgin brand is so strong, the company has been able to diversify into many new markets.Diversification for Virgin is make possible by j oint ventures and strategic alliances that are ultimately less risky. Thus the Virgin brand leverages Virgins resources. Furthermore, Bransons values are revealed in the Virgin company. The brand image, which is the motor of the company, results in innovative start-ups that keep Virgin both successful and sustainable. Alternatives To continue Virgins success, we have determine several alternatives. First, Virgin could go public thereby gaining additional capital that could be used to fund new start-ups.The disadvantage with this alternative is that Virgin would be forced to abide by formal accounting rules, which Branson states he does not favor. Furthermore, Virgins brand could become diluted since the image would move towards a more traditional stance. 2 A second alternative is that Virgins management could designate Branson s successor and prepare that person to bestow on the task of CEO. The advantage of this alternative is that the fate of Virgin is not attached to Branson al one. This could help separate Branson from the Virgin brand that allows Virgin to flourish as a company, and not merely an extension of Branson himself.Additionally, new leadership could prove beneficial for Virgins long-term success, and namely deciding Virgins structure. However, Bransons absence could also weaken the brand in the short-term. Since the public easily identifies with Bransons traits as loyal and fair, customers could perceive Virgin negatively. To thwart such initial negativity, Virgin could belatedly implement the new successor, allowing him or her to also revel in the spotlight alongside Branson. Thirdly, Virgin could dispose of baseless companies.This integrating would result in money saved and the creation of a more formal organizational structure. Therefore, across the board, Virgin would be able to have a more uniform decision processes. Consolidation would also reassure investors since the corporate structure would be less complex and financial data more readily available. The motives for diversification are growth, risk reduction, and profitability. If Virgin cannot achieve those goals through the diversification strategy, then there are no reasons why Virgin should keep unprofitable companies.Focusing on related industries would then give Virgin expertise and thereby creating both value for shareholders and exploiting economies of scale. Furthermore, Virgin could allocate resources among the firms more efficiently, giving Virgin snap off future strategy formulations. 3 Recommendations One must analyze Porters essential tests that that include the attractiveness test, cost-ofentry test, and the better-off test, to determine whether a modify strategy has a sustainable competitive advantage.Because Virgins strong brand is firmly embedded in the companys corporate structure, the attractiveness test reveals that manythough not all (example is the unprofitable Virgin Money) of Virgins diversified companies are attractive. Secondly, co stof-entry must be considered. For Virgin, many entry be are feasible, because profitable Virgin companies support the new start-ups. And thirdly, the better-off test shows that new companies within Virgin must be profitable and add value.Although many new companies do not add financial benefits, the new companies do add brand value. Thus the answer to the question whether Virgin is a successful diversified company is clearly yes. Overall the diversification works quite well. However, we do recommend that Virgin exit the unprofitable industries and consolidate. This would be beneficial in the short-term as capital immediately becomes available. Furthermore, this would also help Virgin in the long-term as only profitable companies remain, allowing Virgin to increase revenue.In looking at Virgins long-term success, we recommend that Virgin continue its short-term strategy of further developing expertise in key areas. Thus, long-term market saturation would be avoided, while also main taining Virgins strong brand awareness. Despite Bransons strong presence, we also suggest that Virgin slowly implement a successor. Virgins brand is about personalityindeed the company needs a strong focal point. As reality are not immortal, the slow implementation of a new personality could also capture the publics attention. 4 5

Case Study Big Skinny Essay

Online trade at Big SkinnyThe case study is about a wallet company put forward Big Skinny. One day the Big Skinny CEO, Kiril Alexandrov bicycled his way to work and his phone rang constantly. His marketing theater director and wife, Catherine Alexandrov had called and said that they had sold 4,000 wallets. The problem was that the online store had glitches and most of these wallets were given away for free. A few weeks in the beginning the two were promoting their wallets at the Harvard street fair and were successfully selling wallets. The street fair sales had diagnose Kiril think of what the next step in expanding his brand would be. He decided to create an online store to move on increase his revenue and company. Kiril returned to his office to ponder what he and his wife should do.Catherine proposed that they pukecel the orders, on the dot as Amazon, Dell, and others rich person done in the past with the same experience. He realized that there was nothing else to do and concur that it was the only option to cancel the orders because they would be losing wallets for free. With his confidence shook on the Big Skinnys online store, Kiril pondered his priorities and wondered what really should be the next step for Big Skinny. He asked, Should Big Skinny concentrate on drawing new consumers to its website finished bet engines, or should it focus on engaging existing customers through social and interactive media? Alternatively, should Big Skinny hand off more of its web marketing to retail portals like Amazon and Buy.com? A Product That Sells Itself?Wallets atomic number 18 generally preferred with lightweight and that can intimately carry stuff like credit cards, cash and receipts along with other stuff. Thin wallets be considered better because it will always keep you safe from back pain. Wallets are often in need of replacement and people buy them as impulse purchase or as gifts since it is not a costly item and also does not require much i nformation processing. Big Skinny has just launched worlds thinnest wallet and got good response from the market during assorted trade fairs it participate in. finisFor an online marketing campaign to be successful, it is important that people resource all their options and make sure they are capable of fulfilling whatever objectives and needs they have to be successful. BigSkinny has to make sure consumers are buying senior high school-quality wallets from them. Wallets are a kind of purchase that has a high element of catch and feel. community who recognize the brand and have owned it in the past are more likely to make a purchase and be confident about brand. This means online purchases would have more returning customers. For like a shot Big Skinny should look at online retail as complimenting to their physical distribution through various channels. Question 2Algorithmic search means most accurate result to the users query. Ranking high in a search will allow a site to reac h consumers, whose search was related to the sites product. The output of the algorithmic search would entirely depend upon the keywords chosen to be enlisted to the search engines. It is a listing of Big Skinny links in organic search results based on the proprietary ranking algorithms of search engines which usually factors of keywords, pages linking to the item, location, and etc. In Sponsored search advertising, advertisers are allowed to key in search words in sections for sponsored search. The main difference for the algorithmic search and sponsored search is those sponsored searches is more focus and give better results. Generally algorithmic searches are free but needs technical skills whereas sponsored are paid and can be easily incorporate provided right keywords are chosen. Question 3 bellAn example of hurt would be how the website sells Big Skinny wallets for $20. This is pricing strategy because it utilizes the cheap and affordable price for a wallet, while also promo ting the main quality of the wallet being skinny and slim. Many several(predicate) affordable prices are listed on the website and very easily seen. Sales PromotionThe Big Skinny website offers legion(predicate) a(prenominal) different sales promotions. One is spending $50 to get free shipping anywhere in the country. This is a great promotion that can increase sales and promote people to spend $50 on their website in order to gain free shipping. PlaceThe website also offers pop up shops coupons from the website that can beuse at pop up shops at certain regions and stores. This can be used as a Place marketing strategy because it focuses on a certain area or store and promotes marketing to that specific store. This emphasizes on shopping at a certain place or store. Product and TargetProduct can be illustrated by the fact that the website sells many different types of wallets. The website has many different wallets for men, women, and children. Within these genders classed wallet s there are also many sub categories that the consumer can choose to look and purchase under.

Gender Inequalities in the Workplace Essay

Describe and analyse grammatical gender inequalities in the calculate? Gender inequalities in the work consecrate obtain been an ongoing issue for many years, which has mainly been central to wo workforce in the study, as senior manage manpowert has prioritised men over women. This has made it in truth difficult for women to work their management up to management as women argon considered to be incompetent compargond to the men in the workplace. The wage feast amidst men and women has raised much debate, as men be generally much liable(predicate) to get paid much than women.There has been much confusion that land up and gender are the resembling but actually there is a vast difference between the two concepts as gender is the social, cultural and psychological difference between a mannish and fe manful. Where as sex is refereed to the biology of a exclusive in other terms the sex that an individual is born for example a manlike or female. Gender socialisation is a key aspect to understand the differences between men and women as the way gild portrays them is very different. http//www. msu. edu/ exploiter/yarbrou7). Gender inequality is highlighted in the status that men and women energise in connection as men are considered to put on better jobs, which then leads men neat wealthier then women. The primary social institutions where gender inequalities get along is in teaching methodal systems, family life and the workplace. Gender has been considered an oceanic dimension that has been based on the different status of men and women, which has been inn effect for decades.However the libber movement in the 1960s established resurrection by studying gender issues, which highlighted that inequalities towards women digest been in place in the social system of society as men are considered to be the breadwinners and women, should be housewives and mothers. (http//www. msu. edu/user/yarbrou7/) . Cultural inequalities consisted of women no n universe able to vote, achieve a higher aim education and grant the ability to own their own property as men were since to be responsible for the swell cosmos of a woman.In singing the era of the seventies brought with it assured rights that allowed women to vote for the first magazine, which made women feel that they did render existence in the society that they live in. Voting rights brought women a sense of existence but inequalities calm remained in the social institutions that have been developed to make individuals independent in society. These inequalities are still brisk in salaries and employment in the 21st century. In the workplace there have been various sheaths of gender inequalities that have adverted each post an individual has been allocated by an employer.As women are becoming more educated their has been a rapid increase in the amount of women that are professionals in the workplace as a moderate educated women are still being under paid as men are con sidered to be more competent workers. In manual workplaces unions are considered the primary means for women to feign control over what actions should be placed in order to change the working environment as a majority of women are generally underpaid in manual industries. (http//www. eldis. org/static/DOC12479. htm)In the workplace there are various formations of gender inequalities that are in affect, which have been highlighted in the wage gap between men and women who are employed in the same workplace, job security for men is in affect initially as they are told by there senior where as for women they are required to conjure that there purpose in the workplace has added to the effective run of the entire de furcatement as well as the whole organisation. Men further have the ability to achieve alternative employment more conveniently as women have the added pressure of domestic duties in the home that includes child rearing. http//www. eldis. org/static/DOC12479. htm) cozy ev olution and violence towards women has occurred for years, which has mainly been initiated by senior management as they generally feel that they have the authority and dominance to over power women. In order for men to maintain and understand that it is decisive to under go change in terms of women being treated as equals adept as men are a number of issues need to be considered by men both in the workplace and in the (home. http//www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0763170. tml) Men need to understand that the domestic duties around the home need to be divided so those women have the ability to go out and make a career for themselves vertical as men do. Men being able to keep their masculinity is an important factor of being a man as many men feel that when their wives go out to work they have lost there purpose as being the man of the house as women as just as capable of carrying out the same responsibilities in the workplace as men, which stick out be very threatening for a majority of men.Social stigma has influenced the fact that men are afraid of being undermined by a women but can be acceptable by a fellow male colleague. Furthermore men should accept and adapt to equality in the workplace as a result of much of the work load can be shared as well as unused ideas can be generated that the male colleagues may not have explored. The advantages of women becoming equal in the workplace can generate a better standard of living for men as the pressure for men being the sole breadwinner can be shared along with sharing the duties in the workplace.This will get along a better atmosphere in the workplace as the male colleagues will have little pressure to produce certain tasks by a given deadline as women are able to serve up with the performance and outcome of the task. The importance of women sharing the workload allows men to be more active fathers, as they will have the time and energy to spend with their children rather then having women playing an active part in the childs life.The functionalist perspective on gender inequalities are evident as Talcott Parsons suggests that in order for socialisation to be clear it is important that individuals are able to have a supportive and abiding family as Parsons believes that the family life is the most precise and effective way for individuals to understand sexual divisions that occur in social institutions home. (http//www. infoplease. com/ipa/A0763170. tml) This suggests that sociologists are more concerned in the way society segregates men and women to beg off why gender inequalities occur and how changes can be made in order to make society a institute that is bases on each individual being treated equal regardless(prenominal) of age, sex or gender. Gender wage gap highlights the significant difference in salary that women get compared to men. It has been estimated that on average women earn 23. % less than men do.This figure highlights that majority of employers value the role and exist of the male workers which are indicated in the salary that they take home each month, where as women are paid less regardless of the time and energy that they put in the workplace. Stockyard and Johnson (199232) have both recognised that there are significant differences in wages between men and women although both sexes carry out full time jobs. In 987, the average wage for a male in America was $28,313 where as the wage for women was $18,531, which plant life out to be approximately 65% of a male workers wages. Stockyard and Johnson have indicated that lower pay does not represent lower qualifications than men have or employment in areas that require less education. This suggests that education is the key to a better-paid job not the fact that gender affects the amount of wages an individual is entitled to.Grint (1994203) suggests that the main reason to why women are treated unequally is dependent on the affiliate position of their husband as the higher the family of the male the higher the class of the female. This suggests that if a woman has a husband or a partner of a higher social class then the women is more likely to be respected by society, where as if a woman is from a lower social class then the women is most likely to be treated unequally.Gamarnikow, Morgan, Purvis and Taylorson (198399), in relation have highlighted the fact that working class womens oppression as inextricably linked with their exploitation as workers. This suggests that working class women are vulnerable in the workplace as they have no choice but to expect the conditions of work as the value of the money they are getting is excessively valuable to give up although they are being exploited. Furthermore, employers are able to target individuals to exploit in the workplace in relation to wages and hour of work.Siltanen (1994120), has further highlighted that men work most usually in higher grade occupations, which suggests that women are less likely to be near the top of occ upational ladders. Gamarnikow, Morgan, Purvis and Taylorson (1983101). The disadvantages of what has been indicated by Siltanen (1994), is that employers have recognised that women are less likely to apply or be nominal for promotion, where as male colleagues are favoured over women even through many of the women have the same level of experience and education as the male colleagues in the workplace.This has provided to be discrimination towards women, which in many cases can result in women having a low self-esteem. It has been noted by Jacobs (1995) that generally women in the workplace are more likely to be more experienced than men. However, as women have numerous domestic duties in the home such as child rearing it makes it much more difficult for women to continue a career as well as weighing the responsibilities in the home. This factor is the primary factor that make the position of women in the workplace.Arber and Ginn (Grint, K, 1991) have noted that gender inequality h as been predominantly initiated by cultural norms which have been adapted in the work and domestic sphere. The domestic sphere has been commonly associated with the women being the secondary breadwinner who are defiantly likely to give up work in order to provide a stable environment for their children, as the fathers are predominantly the primary breadwinners. Where as work sphere is mainly cultural, which is associated with work responsibilities that have hindered women to develop themselves adequately.In conclusion, the analysis that has been researched to determine gender inequalities in the workplace highlight that the gender wage gap is a primary problem which women have been facing for a number of years. Although society today portrays men and women to be equal there are still inequalities that exist within the workplace. Examples of such inequalities are that women at work are the ones who appear to be weak, when in actual facts women have been seen to be extremely strong in the workplace.In my opinion I believe that inequalities in the workplace are still existence but are gradually dying down. However, it is also dependent on the type of employment that men are women are involved in which effects the inequalities that arise in the workplace.

Self reflection in it truest sense education essay

Integ evaluate a wistful pattern in unmatchable s personal master learning methods, would be cardinal behavior to maintain up with the on- divergence assessments that should happen in any professional set up or larning deliver. One could depict considerateness as looking back at past charge experiences, both good or bad, and finding whether the experience could living been soften managed or taught. There is a see the light differentiation between believing and hypothesiseing. Thinking could be associated with a job and solution where as contriveing may non h mature an absolute terminal payoff. Working as a instructor in a auxiliary coach airss many jobs, and many inquiries that atomic number 18 re eachy seldom answered. The job that surfaces with the thought of reflecting on 1s ain pattern is that we as instructors atomic number 18 non addicted the clip, or the motive to reflect more than than frequently, or more profoundly into our methods, acquisition m eanss or bringing of the feed in of larn. The de scarcely of standardization by manner of the National computer programme towards the terminal of the 1980 s and the base of the 1990 s by the Conservative Government, has analysen aside the power from the single instructor in curb up ones minding what is of out total. It could be argued it has reduced the instructor to cryptograph more than a courier of a province obligeled get over of education. It besides suggests a concealed docket. Neary, M ( 2002 ) highlights the hidden endure of survey and the attitude towards instruction and the map a school should play in fixing people for conjunction. Neary, M ( 2002, p45 ) assures Lynch 1989 ( 1989, p3 ) The fishy societal dealingss they deem of trade in the productive procedure ar chiefly the hierarchal division of labor between instructors and scholars, the anomic character of scholars school work itself, and the atomization in work reflected in the institutionalize d and frequently destructive competition among scholars by continual and apparently meritocratic ranking and military rating .Neary, M argues that authors such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Bowles and Gintis exact do connexions with a capitalist society and how this is reflected in the school grazement. It is of import to reflect on the map of get hold of one Teachs and who decides what is Re eithery Useful Knowledge and how soci onlyy payoffual this is for the scholars that we teach. The course of correction that is offered at The partnership College Whitstable is GCSE S in all the centre topics, BTEC in spin, Physical Education, Science, Drama, Science, Music, Business Studies, Travel and Tourism, Design and Technology, NVQ in Hairdressing, professional makings in Motor Vehicles ( IMA and ABC ) and A Levels. Students at The club College Whitstable are progressively going familiar with BTEC instead than the traditional GCSE S which are favoured by most Grammar and the top grade of separate State schools. The logical thinking for this could be that province instruction is undergoing immense cardinal alterations with and through with(predicate) semi governmental and ideological mentalities. The National syllabus was sought to increase the bookman s acquisition, the House of Commons fourth study provinces ( 2008, p10 ) This papers basically identified four wide intents presenting an entitlement for students to a wide and balanced course of study scene criterions for disciple acquisition and to back up school answer force bettering continuity and coherence within the course of study, and helping public apprehension of the work of school The school province body has now moved on more than a decennary since that pledge and is presently at the centerfield of a governmental inspection and repair. The confederacy College Whitstable is come ining more scholars onto the BTEC programmes than of all era before. Through contemplation of the stance and vision that the school is taking, and with respects to the increased flexibleness of the school course of study programme, one could see that schools such as The society College Whitstable are progressively fighting to vie on interior(a) and local footings through GSE S consequences. Therefore turning to BTEC s is a manner to increase pupils consequences and transit up the conference tabular arraies. The popularity with BTEC s are that they are all coursework driven and this does give them an prefer over GCSE S which are grammatical constituent coursework, and passel terminal of yr test towards concluding Markss. The coursework is internally marked and externally verified, pupils who would non stool had any opportunity of acquiring good consequences through GSES s, stand a better opportunity with BTEC s ( perchance acquiring 4 GSSE s at A* C year on an another(prenominal) topic. ) The Community College Whitstable has been first-class in implementing the old Gover nments name for Vocationalism and Diversity in the course of study but is that all ab fall out to alter with the bare-ass Coalition Government.It is of import to reflect on 1s learning of the course of study, cognition, bringing, larning manners and methods, if we are to come on and turn as a instructor or facilitator. At present there are no school guidelines to go a Brooding practitioner but there spend a penny been many writers and professionals that have laid down suppositional broadsheets for brooding pattern to be incorporated into the course of study. Brookfield, S provinces ( 1995 p29 ) We have available four lenses through which we grass see our instruction. These lenses are represented by the four pointers in figure 2.1. They are ( 1 ) our autobiographies as instructors and scholars, ( 2 ) our pupils eyes, ( 3 ) our co-workers experiences, and ( 4 ) hypothetical literature. Sing what we do through these different lenses alerts us to falsify or uncomplete facets of our premises that need farther probe. For illustration utilizing a ambitious pupil as a instance survey who attends the vocational affection is a good manner to reflect on Brookfield s lenses. The pupil that I have identified has had domestic jobs and personal jobs that stem from his place tone. The pupil has a number one academic ability and falls into the class of extra excess demands, which would hold been recorded on his informations from appraisals conducted in cardinal phase two and terce. I believe this pupil suffers from low ego regard and assurance which reflects his aggressive nature towards instruction and higher-ups such as instructors and people in authorization. The pupil was pushed into the vocational Centre because of stereotyping and the low standards needed to inscribe on the classs at the vocational Centre at The Community College Whitstable. Taking this into consideration and seeing it from the pupil s eyes would assist all instructors deal with his/her disp uting behavior with greater empathy and compassion, and in bend this would enable us to harness these jobs with greater cognition. A minority of pupils may hold an atrocious place extract of affairs and life in a societal milieu that does non wage hike larning. Students may be come to school with that luggage of place life and may endure from a deficiency of assurance through low academic ability. Sing this state of affairs from a pupil s point of position should promote us as instructors to be more thoughtful and tactful when blanket with certain pupils. From my experience of working and learning at The Community College Whitstable, the pupils who chose vocational classs are by and large lower ability pupils. Although there are some exclusions to this, and at that place lead ever be pupils who opt for vocational class who are academically bright. Students that are on the Construction courses at The Community College Whitstable may hold jobs that range from behavioral, societa l and academic through to the medical and physical. Through my experience as a instructor, communicator or facilitator I have ever relied on my autobiographical acquisition, for illustration, learning pupils woodworking and joinery through my ain good experience as an prentice and so traveling on to analyze at college. This contemplation into my past experiences has helped me to go a more rounded and competent instructor of the handments of a trade that goes back many centuries. I believe that all instructors should utilize their autobiographical acquisition in their instruction because we hobo all retrieve the good instructors or the good teachers and employers. Our autobiography should organize the foundation of our learning methods and manners.Peer appraisal is a important portion of a instructors larning experience either informal or formal, both of these puppets are every(prenominal) bit of import. teaching method on the BTEC Level 2 Construction class involves two member s of staff and each member has allude duty to internally verify each others work. Fifty per cent of all pupils work will involve to be cross referenced and internally verified. There are regular squad meetings and departmental meetings on marker, pupil s public presentation, attending and behavior. These meetings have ever been a good manner to go through on shared cognition and to interchange thoughts and beliefs on the best ways of learning. Informal feedback from 1s co-workers great deal be merely as effectual, for illustration inquiring a co-worker to come into a menage to detect a peculiar portion of the lesson provide supply us with greater cognition of the state of affairs. By merely inquiring other instructors how they deal with job pupils kitty work out the enigma.From my experience a co-worker had advised me to do up a seating program at the beginning of the lesson to battle bad behavior. The thought is that you have already taken ensure of the state of affairs and the pupil comprehends this and responds consequently. To this twenty-four hours the scheme has worked. Understanding how and why pupils behave in a mode requires understanding of humankind demands, this may non come of course to most of us, but the ability to reflect and to research is a tool all instructors have at their disposal. Completion of the Certificate of Education class in old old ages and now analyzing the BA Hons in Lifelong Learning, has put me on a acquisition curve utilizing hypothetical literature that I am still researching and seeking to grok. This research into course of study political orientation, course of study alteration, cognition of instruction etc. suggests that instruction is non what it seems but a smokescreen for viing self-importances and constabularies from political parties at the helm of the state s hereafter.Brookfield s Lenses challenges us to travel off from our point of position and to take onboard other interventions that may or may non do a pupils advancement or fail. Brookfield highlights the complexnesss of how we learn, and how the acquisition environment is ever affected by more than one issue. By going a Brooding Practitioner it after part assist one understand the jobs that arise from the jobs instructors face. Brookfield identifies Reflective Practice as a manner in which instructors can do sense of the instruction system and the political invasions that occur in the course of study. He suggests that through small contemplation we find our terms and are so able to hold an openness that benefits both pupils and instructor. The pupils can be genuinely ambitious and will all hold their ain set of issues to cover with as lineations above. Using Brookfield s Four Lenses to cover with a ambitious pupil would be one manner of detecting the true art of pedagogical instruction. Brooding Practice through Brookfields divinatory account would be good when 1 encounters a hard twenty-four hours. Peer rating mannikins a n of import function in our instruction methods, Brookfield highlight this in his Four Lenses and provinces ( 1995, p35 )Our co-workers serve as critical mirrors reflecting back to us images of our actions that frequently take us by surprise. As they describe their ain experiences covering with the same crises and quandary we face, we are able to look into, reframe and broaden our ain theories of pattern. This find through other instructors who deal with the same job pupils is really of import for a instructor to come on, and travel on in their chase of going a competent instructor. Brookfield s 4th lens system focuses on theoretical literature whereby instructors and reviewers should read more about the procedures of larning conjecture and research. Brookfield provinces ( 1995, p37 ) Reading a theoretical summary that offers an alternate interpretative model for a state of affairs can be life salvaging or at least, calling economy. Critical theory may assist us recognize, for il lustration, that pupils neutrality is the predictable effect of a system that forces people to analyze staccato balls of cognition at a gait positive by course of study councils and license organic structures. Theoretical literature is covered by the principal squad at The Community College Whitstable in Staff Development eventides. From my experience this literature is used to rationalize their scheme instead than to professionally develop a instructor s head. Theoretical literature can assist instructors to still their frights and seek confidences from other professionals outside their on the job environment. Unfortunately excessively a couple of(prenominal) instructors actively read theoretical literature on pedagogical instruction, from my experience reading and analyzing literature on behavior has been a great beginning of encouragement. Brookfield points out that the logical thinking for this is that the surveies carried out about learning in theoretical books are ever wr itten by faculty members and non instructors. The old Government had pull in this, the 4th study on the National Curriculum provinces ( 2008, p32 ) At the same clip, instructors need to be given a stronger sense that their ain inventions in teaching method can be valued. There is appreciable support for the debut of some signifier of pedagogic bank developed by instructors for instructors. In baffle for instructors to go a Brooding Practitioner or instructor they would hold to oppugn the footing of the Curriculum and the hierarchal establishment that administers it. This would convey them in direct struggle with the whole school system and the powers that control the system, both centrally through authorities, and straight through the senior direction of the school. This theory of oppugning the nucleus set of an educational establishment goes against the National Curriculum set up under the Conservative Government, where instructor control and powers are limited. In a universe where we are now used to following the regulations and codifications of administrations the true affectionateness of people power has been born out of us through Capitalism, Globali sit downion and laterality. If one was to take onboard brooding instruction and utilize it as portion of the course of study timetabling it would assist us to go better instructors and this would assist us learn pupils what we think is of import to them in the outside universe. Schon, D ( 1995, p332 ) arguesWhat happens in such an educational bureaucratism when a instructor begins to believe and move non as proficient expert but as brooding practician? Her reflection- in-action poses a possible menace to the dynamically conservative system in which she lives. As mentioned earlier the hidden course of study has many dockets, of all time since the debut of supernumerary province schooling in the 1940 s the issue has ever been what should the pupils learn and why. Education was seen to be a manner to tra vel a state on from the injury of the World War and the deepnesss of desperation. The Education rector at the clip was R. A. Butler. In a bill of exchange white paper ( 1943, pp182 ) he statedThe new educational chances must non, hence, be of a individual form. Schools and classs must be available to adjust the demands and aptitudes of different types of student or pupil. It is merely every bit of import to accomplish diverseness as it is to guarantee equality of educational chance. Although the Government were non straight involved in educational course of study there was a steadfast directive from the Government. Scholars throughout history have identified learning theoretical accounts and theories, armitage et Al ( 2003 ) identified five Models of Educational Political orientations Classical Humanism, munificent Humanism, Progressivism, Instrumentalism and Re edificeism. Armitage argues that we as instructors need to understand these political orientations in order to take th em on board and through this cognition we as instructors can put the acquisition experience for our pupils. Out of the five political orientations Reconstructionism seems the furthest off from our educational system and would accommodate the Developing World who need political orientations to draw themselves out of economical convulsion. Neary, M ( 2002 ) suggests that the Liberal Humanist political orientation has been the most relevant since the industrialized West evolved. Neary argues that this political orientation had favoured the esoteric and higher classed schools such as the Grammar schools but non the State schools. Tony Blair s New Labour Government and the educational political orientation could be coined with instrumentalism. The educational policies under Blair such as the Leitch Report ( 2006 ) are in maintaining with the instrumentalism armitage et Al provinces ( 2003, p209 ) The instrumental course of study sees knowledge in factual footings and is clearly lecturer /teacher/trainer led. Therefore, through instrumentalism instruction and preparation pupils are fixing themselves for their functions in the workplace and in society as a whole. This instrumentalism has had a major consequence on province schools such as The Community College Whitstable because since New Labour, Vocationalism has made its manner into Secondary schools and is now portion of the course of study for 14 twelvemonth olds. It remains to be seen whether the new Coalition Government are prepared to transport on these political orientations or follow another way. In a perfect universe the educational political orientation would be Progressivism Armitage et Al provinces ( 2003, p208 ) The course of study would be base around active problem-solving in a assortment of societal contexts and be constructed of subjects which interested and challenged pupils ( larning from experience ) with the purpose that people would larn how to believe for themselves, make determinations, coop erate and take part as shapers of a democratic society. The job that has arisen in the course of study today is that pupils are being spoon fed the information and that they can non believe for themselves. This is the consequence of the course of study being excessively narrow and excessively focussed on good consequence and attainment instead than pupils growing.In order for our society or political administrations to make up ones mind the component of our instruction system or the function it plays in how the pupils will be taught, curriculum research is carried out to determine the terminal end. Neary, M ( 2002 ) has highlighted two course of study theoretical accounts the Product Model and the mold Model. The Product Model is linked with behavior and Neary, M ( 2002, p60 ) cites Tyler ( 1949 ) 1. What are the purposes and aims of the course of study? 2. Which larning experiences run into these purposes and aims? 3. How can the extent to which these purposes and aims have been met be evaluated? 4. How can these learning experiences be organised? Under this theoretical account each inquiry will necessitate to be answered in order for the development of the course of study to be successful and achieve the ends and results intended. Harmonizing to Neary the theoretical account was non without its critics based entirely on the idea that a course of study can non be based on Behaviourism. Armitage et al provinces there was an alternate theoretical account for course of study development, the Process Model ( 2003, p203 ) This is an attack to curriculum which is interested in the procedures and processs of larning so that the scholar is able to utilize and develop the content, non merely have it passively. Neary, M states the Process Model focuses on ( 2002, p61 ) Teacher activities ( and hence the instructor s function ) , pupil and scholar activities ( possibly the most of import characteristic ) , the conditions in which the acquisition takes topographic poin t. Students on the BTEC degree 2 Construction classs at The Community College Whitstable will hold a variable grade of both theoretical accounts in the class purposes and aims and the construction and bringing of the content stuff and appraisals. The BTEC Level 2 Construction classs will already hold mold purposes and results in which the scholar will hold to run into to fulfill the awarding organic structure, if they are to accomplish the making, this type of course of study falls in line with the Product Model. The BTEC does let for some autonomy of the instructors because the faculties or units will hold to be personally written by the instructor or lector for the pupils to finish. This does reflect portion of the Process Model but the ego written units and bringing of the units have ad hoc guidelines laid down by BTEC Edexcel.Curriculum alteration and the political orientation behind it are really of import when sing a sweeping alteration of the National Curriculum for school s in Britain. With the debut of new makings, the appraisal of that is basically of import to the success and the length of service of the new set up. Knight, J attend of province schools ( 14-19 ) provinces ( 2008, p1 ) Many schools are already seeing the benefits of utilizing appraisal for larning patterns and resources, but I want all schools to hold entree to high-quality preparation and support so that appraisal for acquisition can be implant in all schoolrooms. The old Labour Government had targeted appraisal as the manner frontward for schools to undertake pupil s weaknesss. Harmonizing to the section for Children, Schools and Families ( 2008 ) the appraisal for larning championed by Labour would enable pupils, instructors, parents and schools to cognize how the pupil is executing, where they should be and how they are traveling to accomplish a satisfactory degree of public presentation. For schools this meant that the construction would be pellucid for all to see. For instr uctors they would now hold a foundation to work from and be able to prove pupils intermittently against the in agreement appraisals and standards that are laid down by Government organic structures. There are many ways to prove pupils runing from summational testing ( terminal of twelvemonth test ) , to formative testing this could be conducted in the schoolroom and workshops, and initial testing which would be carried out at the beginning of the class. The nucleus inquiry that needs to be answered when assessing is, are the agencies of proving dependable and valid? Armitage et Al ( 2003, p 157 ) provincesA valid appraisal method is one which tests whether the purposes and aims of a learning experience have been achieved. The BTEC degree 2 Construction class that is taught at The Community College Whitstable has assorted signifiers of appraisal in order for the pupil to finish the units for that peculiar class. Currently pupils will hold to go through six units in which three are t heory units, and three are practical units. The theory units are taught on a modular footing, one time the pupil has completed one unit they move onto the following 1. The units are broken down into three smaller balls of appraisal so that it is easier for the pupils to digest and use themselves and come on through the scaling system. The rating systems start with a base on balls and so travel onto a virtue and eventually a differentiation. This sort of appraisal follows the standard referenced path of appraisals, the pupils will hold a set of inquiries and each inquiry will hold base on balls, virtue or differentiation attached to it. The pupils can lucubrate on their replies and accomplish a higher mark or class. The pronounced work is so marked by the assessor and so internally verified by a co-worker learning the same class. This is indispensable for the appraisal procedure to be made valid and dependable. The practical elements of the BTEC degree 2 Construction class are marked by the assessor every bit shortly as the pupils has achieved the purpose, which could run from constructing a Flemish Bond wall, doing a panel door or preparing and painting a booth. The instructor ( assessor ) will immediately tag their piece of work in line with the class spec and rate the pupils a fail, base on balls, virtue or differentiation. This appraisal is in maintaining with a competency based expression which is similar with NVQ s. There have been unfavorable judgments of this sort of competency based proving Armitage et Al ( 2003, p166 ) provincesSome argue that a competence-based system makes larning assessment-led. That is, for pupils at least, one oculus is ever on the competences that have yet to be awarded and the full class of survey the becomes skewed towards clicking off such competences. The pupils at The Community College Whitstable could place with this unfavorable judgment as we as instructors are pushed to increase accomplishments and base on balls makings instead than doing certain that the pupil is ready equipped for the outside universe. Assessment schemes and the dependability and cogency have become an issue with new Coalition Government. An independent reappraisal conducted by Sir Richard Sykes ( 2010p3 ) provinces There is an compulsion with step, puting numerical marks and roll uping conference tabular arraies, as though what can non be measured numerically has no value and should hold no topographic point in instruction. Yet the best things in instruction frequently can non readily be measured in this manner. Dockrell and Black ( 1980 ) pick up on this subject of cogency and dependability but their focal point is assessment in the emotional sphere. Dockrell and Black ( 1980 ) argue that this sort of appraisal is good for the success of the pupil s patterned advance in their educational experience. Assessing person s public assistance and fixing lessons to suit all pupils sat in forepart of them is portion of the pupil cen tred course of study at The Community College Whitstable. Teachers are pass judgment to compose studies three times a twelvemonth on every kid they teach measuring both ability and attitude although this does non travel towards their concluding class it can move as a tool to measure the pupil s advancement. Every kid must be taught to the best of their ability is the mantra at the college. Although I do non hold with the current instruction system in Britain one cardinal per cent, there seem to be really small alternate. The 11 plus trial that is conducted in the Kent rule is designed to divide the brighter pupils from the less academic to the addition of the Grammar schools. This sort of appraisal has a immense consequence on all secondary schools in Kent, particularly The Community College Whitstable who will hold to choose pupils that have failed or are non eligible. The Tomlinson study ( 2004 ) had promised or set out a new course of study and appraisal that would hold revolut ionised our province instruction. The study had identified that GCSE s and ALevels needed to be reformed every bit good as vocational instruction for 14 twelvemonth olds. Unfortunately, the reform did non transform the instruction system but was merely brought in a moire downed degree. Sir Richard Sykes ( 2010, p3 ) arguesWe therefore present a manipulation and a set of recommendations which if adopted would, we believe, help to right the balance between instruction and appraisal. The new specification for all BTEC classs has been renewed as of September 2010, this follows a whole shingle up of the QCA model and the correct organic structures that preside over the way of our making system in Britain. It remains to be seen whether this will convey the alteration that will bridge the spread between pupil s advancement and an instruction system that is envied throughout the universe.In decision Reflective Practice enables one to see their professional function as a instructor and wit hin society. It is of import that we as instructors and professionals encourage pupils to accomplish all that they can in the instruction system and to go life long scholars. It is of import that we encourage pupils to non merely larn what the course of study has offered them but to widen their acquisition. The strain has researched the course of study of The Community College Whitstable and how it has adapted to the alterations of a tiered school system through conference tabular arraies and appraisals such as the Eleven Plus. Schools such as The Community College Whitstable will hold to continually excel their outlooks if they are to last in this capitalist State System. Brookfield s Four Lenses is an of import starting point for contemplation in 1s ain professional pattern and this can set the teacher/professional onto the route of true satisfaction of 1s ain pattern. Curriculum political orientations have played an of import portion in Britain and the World s instruction syste m. This assay has focussed on instrumentalism and how this affects The Community College Whitstable and how it has played an of import portion in Britain s Education System. This essay has identified and developed a cognition and apprehension of appraisals in our State Education System. It has identified how these appraisals are being used in a vocational sense through BTEC makings at The Community College Whitstable. It is of import to understand Britain s instruction system, political orientations and cardinal beliefs as this will enable the instructor to come on and to do sense of educational alteration. Schools such as The Community College Whitstable have benefited from political orientation, political invasion and course of study development because more pupils are now come ining 6th signifier and traveling on to university or higher instruction than of all time before. Schools play an of import portion when educating the pupil and the local community, it is the start of womb -to-tomb acquisition for some pupils. Comparing the instruction system of the 1970 s to the present twenty-four hours, pupils have a greater advantage because schools are now set up to profit the pupil. The Community College Whitstable offers a huge scope of makings that would be the enviousness of many states.